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The Historicity of Acts Roman historian Colin Hemer has provided powerful evidence that Acts was written between A.D. 60 and 62. This evidence includes these observations: 1. There is no mention in Acts of the crucial event of the fall of Jerusalem in 70. 2. There is no hint of the outbreak of the Jewish War in 66 or of serious deterioration of relations between Romans and Jews before that time. 3. There is no hint of the deterioration of Christian relations with Rome during the Neronian persecution of the late 60s. 4. There is no hint of the death of James at the hands of the Sanhedrin in ca. 62, which is recorded by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews (20.9.1.200). 5. The significance of Gallio’s judgment in Acts 18:14–17 may be seen as setting a precedent to legitimize Christian teaching under the umbrella of the tolerance extended to Judaism. 6. The prominence and authority of the Sadducees in Acts reflects a pre-70 date, before the collapse of their political cooperation with Rome. 7. The relatively sympathetic attitude in Acts to Pharisees (unlike that found even in Luke’s Gospel) does not fit well in the period of Pharisaic revival that led up to the council at Jamnia. At that time a new phase of conflict began with Christianity. 8. Acts seems to antedate the arrival of Peter in Rome and implies that Peter and John were alive at the time of the writing. 9. The prominence of "God-fearers" in the synagogues may point to a pre-70 date, after which there were few Gentile inquirers and converts to Judaism. 10. Luke gives insignificant details of the culture of an early, Julio-Claudian period. 11. Areas of controversy described presume that the Temple was still standing. 12. Adolf Harnack contended that Paul’s prophecy in 20:25 (cf. 20:38) may have been contradicted by later events. If so, the book must have appeared before those events. 13. Christian terminology used in Acts reflects an earlier period. Harnack points to use of Iusous and Ho Kurios, while Ho Christos always designates "the Messiah," and is not a proper name for Jesus. 14. The confident tone of Acts seems unlikely during the Neronian persecution of Christians and the Jewish War with Rome during the late 60s. 15. The action ends very early in the 60s, yet the description in Acts 27 and 28 is written with a vivid immediacy. It is also an odd place to end the book if years have passed since the pre-62 events transpired. |
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