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Kansas Science Standards:
National Drafters Linked to American Eugenics Society
By Rebecca R. Messall, J.D.
It is never too late to expose Nazi connections in global organizations, like
Volkswagen(1) the Swiss banks,(2) a United Nations president'(3) and the Bayer
Corporation(4) Now, based on shocking evidence, Americans are coming to a sickening realization: that U.S. science, biology and population groups, financed by business and government, are themselves philosophically mired in the pseudo-science of evolution-based
eugenics.(5)
In the summer of 1999, Kansas taxpayers were outraged because two such groups descended upon the prairie with staggering global wealth behind them--- the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and the Biological Sciences Curriculum Studies
(BSCS). These and other groups tried to install a mandatory, evolution-based, scarcity-laced, heredity-dripping science curriculum for all grades, in all schools, in the entire state of Kansas. Unexpectedly, they encountered a ferocious backlash against teaching the "unity" of all sciences, based on evolution. But there was no discussion against the concept of state-mandated curricula per se. Much deeper issues, therefore, never made the news about biology, academic freedom and the Constitution.
In the 1990's, human rights researchers linked the American Eugenics Society,(6) (an American ground-zero of scientists who cheered Hitler) with U.S. biology and population groups, huge "charitable" foundations, chemical companies, and numerous universities and government agencies. Characterized by racism, anti-Semitism and hatred of
Evangelicals and Catholics, eugenics is a belief system embraced and promulgated by highly educated researchers and geneticists. Eugenicists were the men who constructed the systematic atrocities of the Nazi regime. Today, eugenicists are the architects of global population control and family planning systems promoting birth control, sterilization and
abortion(7) plus related horrific acts --- fetal mutilation for "research" and infanticide (killing of babies after delivery).
The American Eugenics Society was not merely a high-society, pro-Nazi group before and after Hitler assumed power. Rather, even after Hitler's defeat, the American Eugenics Society outrageously assisted in the rehabilitation of Nazi biologist, Dr. Otmar Von
Versheur,(8) who had overseen experiments by biologist Dr. Josef Mengele,(9) the "Terror of Auschwitz."
Today, still true to their past commitment to despotism, the science groups who are trying to impose a sweeping, bio-centered science curriculum "synthesizing" the three essential dogmas of eugenics --- Darwinian evolution, population genetics and Malthusian
scarcity(10)---permit no discussion of the weakness of scientific proof for any of these theories.
Headed by popular evolutionist Stephen J. Gould, the AAAS is the key advocate of the national science standards. Unbelievably, for the past 30 years, Gould's AAAS has been officially affiliated with the renamed American Eugenics
Society.(11) In a double scandal of national proportions, the AAAS not only ignored Constitutional prohibitions against any
state-ist, education orthodoxy, but they secured taxpayer
dollars(12) in the 1980's and '90's to devise, and now market, the National Science Education
Standards.(13) Of course, these "standards" are based on a biological theory known to have wiped out millions of people in the twentieth century.
From the turn of the century up until this day, the AAAS has been continuously influenced by a small, but aggressive sector of eugenicists and evolutionary biologists who served as AAAS
presidents,(14) editors of its journal, Science,(15) and as committee heads on subjects such as
economics,(16) chemistry(17) and international relations.(18)
Unbelievably, while acting as president of the AAAS,(19) E.G. Conklin also headed a 1936 AAAS committee on international "intellectual
freedom."(20) At that very time in 1936, he was an American advisor to the American Eugenics Society, along with rabid racists and anti-Semites like
C.G. Campbell and Madison
Grant.(21)
Alongside the AAAS' Conklin were three German advisors,(22) who were among the highest-ranking Nazi scientists in Hitler's regime: Eugen Fischer, Ernst
Rudin, and Falk Ruttke.(23)
In March of 1936, Conklin's eugenics society published an article by his eugenicist-colleague,
C.G. Campbell, applauding the German system of racial hygiene. "Irresponsible" and "hysterical" was how Campbell described opponents of the German sterilization program, who claimed the program would lead to racial discrimination.
(24) The article appeared after Campbell's very public praise for Germany's "synthesis" of scientific disciplines, during a Berlin population conference (covered by the New York Times; page 5, August 29th, 1935).
Eugenicists are aggressive because of a philosophy of atheistic materialism, insisting that eugenic population control is "progress" in a supposed future biological evolution of
mankind.(25) Their "science" is counterfeit, "quack" science. Their activities are murderous attempts to use evolutionary biology as "proof" that people are not all created
equal,(26) and therefore, not entitled to the right to life,(27) or to freedom from human
experimentation.(28) Eugenics succeeds by carefully denying altogether the "personhood" of some people, such as the aborted unborn and corporate-owned human embryos.
Eugenicists perpetually hope, someday, to create a master-race of men, through this constant task of eliminating people (who are vaguely called "unfit" or unwanted) through their ongoing population control programs. Leading eugenicists of the twentieth-century, such as Britain's Julian Huxley and America's Hermann J. Muller, Alan
Guttmacher(29) and Margaret Sanger,(30) proposed to "weed out" whoever is considered to be on the bottom layers of the gene pool, by using government-based systems of global birth control, abortion and
sterilization.(31) Different "breeds" of eugenicists also resort to physician assisted suicide/euthanasia, infanticide, laboratory insemination of "pedigreed"
embryos(32) and (in the recent past) gas chambers.
It's easy to verify that the national science standards are from this radical school of Darwinian-based bio-philosophy. For example, in a friendly history book published by Princeton University in 1996, prominent eugenicist Julian Huxley is credited by the book's
author(33) for inventing the national science standards' theoretical framework-- called "unified concepts"- which is rooted in Darwin's theory of natural selection. Like Campbell, Huxley positively referred to this framework as a "synthesis," grounded in
evolution.(34) In his 1964 book, Essays of a Humanist, Huxley called for education to be "reformed" with the idea of
"unity":(35) "Thus the evolutionary idea must provide the main unifying approach for a humanist educational system, and evolutionary biology could and should become a central or key subject in its
curriculum."(36)
In the fine print of the National Science Education Standards [NSES] is further verification of their eugenic inspiration. Besides citing books by Gould's AAAS, one of the main books listed in the NSES "for further reading" is Science As a Way of Knowing, by John A.
Moore,(37) a close crony of eugenicists Huxley and Muller.(38) Moore and another American eugenicist, H. Bentley Glass, were chief founders of a textbook group located in Colorado Springs, named the Biological Sciences Curriculum
Studies.(39) The 1999 executive director of the BSCS served as chairman of the committee responsible for the content of the national science standards.
(40)
The title of Moore's book, Science As a Way of Knowing, is a clue that philosophy, not science, is at the heart of the national science standards, which incorporate the
phrase.(41) The next clue is found in the forward of his book, where Moore states that "science as a way of knowing" is based on the idea there are too many people in the
world.(42) Next, and the easiest clue, is the name of Chapter Four of Moore's book, called "The Judeo-Christian Worldview." In this chapter Moore carefully distinguishes his biology-based worldview from his twisted version of the Judeo-Christian worldview.
Besides the "unified concepts" enumerated in the NSES, the most conclusive proof that the national science standards teach eugenics is that the people whom Moore cites in his book are, like Huxley, the most radical Darwinian-based eugenicists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Sir Francis
Galton,(43) English inventor of the "science" of eugenics and first cousin of Charles
Darwin;(44) Dr. Ernst Haeckel,(45) a racist, German biologist considered the philosophical founder of Hitler's euthanasia programs and a contemporary of Charles Darwin; and "geneticist," Hermann J. Muller, who studied under Dr. Ernst
Rudin, the Nazi who authored the 1933 German sterilization laws and who received two medals from Adolf
Hitler.(46)
Scholars have been able to identify the members of the British and American Eugenics Societies, (such as Conklin, Muller, Huxley and Glass) by finding carefully kept membership
records.(47) Muller, voted 1963 Humanist of the Year,(48) not only worked in Nazi
Germany,(49) but also in Stalinist Russia.(50) He then moved to Indiana University to work with self-styled eugenicist, Alfred C. Kinsey, whose Kinsey Institute is now exposed for encouraging pedophiles to document their rapes of children and report them as
"science."(51) For obvious reasons, Moore's book does not identify the men he calls "eminent
biologists"(52) as being eugenicists because, as one eugenicist wrote, even the word eugenics is associated with everything vile.
(53)
The lack of widespread knowledge about the American eugenics movement allowed the AAAS to consistently promote eugenicists, their religious bigotry and deadly, anti-democratic
ideas.(54) For example, the 1970 president of Gould's AAAS was Moore's colleague at the
BSCS, H. Bentley
Glass.(55) Honored by the AAAS in 1991 for his lifetime achievements,(56) Glass was actually a director of the American Eugenics
Society.(57) Like other eugenicists at the AAAS, Glass not only called for ending the freedom to marry, but for the forced abortion of "defectives." His ideas were published by the AAAS journal, Science, in
1971.(58)
Gould's AAAS has appointed itself not only as the Gestapo of classroom science curricula by trying to install its national science standards, but now, as announced in the Wall Street Journal, the AAAS wants to be the Gestapo of science in the federal courts as
well.(59) These are the insatiable ambitions a group that has consistently advocated the "science" of racist eugenics. More evidence of this group's racism occurred at the 1989 AAAS Annual Meeting (January 19, 1989) during a Symposium on Evolutionary Theory, Economics and Political Science. It hosted J. Phillip
Rushton, who claimed then and there science "proves" Whites and Asians are more intelligent than Blacks. The fact AAAS elected Rushton as a fellow
(60) shows the high esteem AAAS gives him and his racist eugenic philosophies.
Because of the AAAS' history of leadership by members of the American Eugenics Society, and its tolerance for everything eugenics represents (i.e., religious bigotry, racism, human experimentation, genocide) parents in Kansas and across America should demand that Congress do the following:
1) denounce and reject entirely the sweeping National Science Education Standards,
2) pass a resolution apologizing for the bizarre application of taxpayer dollars, past and present
3) seek restitution from the private foundations who funded and steered the standards
4) formally and publicly reprimand the federal agencies who involved the federal government in groups linked to the American Eugenics Society, past or present,
5) investigate the organizations involved with the science standards for violations of anti-discrimination laws.
More important, however, the world must never forget that the basis for the bloody twentieth century slaughters was the eugenic philosophy contained in the national science standards. They teach the beliefs of Huxley and other eugenicists that that science is "unified" in evolutionary
biology(61)---including physics, chemistry, earth and space science and even health--- while repeatedly teaching school children a psychology of "scarcity" during the thirteen-year
curriculum(62) Kindergarten through Grade 12. Fear of scarcity is the "god" that demands the "necessity" of abortion. In the too recent past, scarcity was used to annihilate Hitler's "useless eaters."
(63)
Constitutional separation of powers between Congress and the states is fundamental to freedom, to prevent private groups like the AAAS from resurrecting bio-socialism and implementing it though top-down organizations and government entities trusted by Americans. Taxpayers should demand independence in designing local school curricula. Alarmingly, the NSES are now being indirectly promoted by our nation's lawmaker who, it's assumed, do not know of the eugenics basis of the AAAS' efforts to "standardize" science around evolutionary biology. On October 21, 1999, H.R. 2 was introduced in the House of Representatives. This bill requires that states mandate science standards as a condition of receiving Title I education funds for poor school districts. In effect, H.R. 2 makes it easier to be called "poor," exposing more districts to the bio- philosophies of the
NSES.(64)
Stopping the AAAS' bio-political aggression in education and the courts can help end, someday, the global slaughter of the unborn by the international population control system. It will honor the millions who were soldiers against and victims of the Holocaust, and help avoid another German-like catastrophe. But if the AAAS' materials are embraced by the U.S. school system and our thought leaders, the already beleaguered family structure of the nation will be in ruins, and the intrinsic value of individual human life will be merely a long-faded memory of a once glorious, but bygone Constitutional era of history.
Copyright claimed
By Rebecca R. Messall, J.D.
Member of the Bar,
States of Missouri, Texas and Colorado
1 "Volkswagen Sets Up Fund for Nazi Era Slave Laborers," p. A-5, Kansas City Star, Sept. 12, 1998.
2 "Pressure Building on Swiss Banks," p. A-3, Kansas City Star, July 2, 1998.
3 Hertzstein, Robert Edwin, Waldheim: The Missing Years (Arbor House: New York 1988).
4 Various newspaper reports, 1999.
5 O'Keefe, Katharine, "Social History and the Eugenics Societies," Social Justice Review
Jan.-Feb. 1998 (Catholic Central Union, St. Louis): Meehan, Mary, "Eugenics and the Power Elite," Social Justice Review, Nov.-Dec. 1997.
6 Kuhl, Stefan, The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism and German National Socialism (Oxford University Press 1994); O'Keefe, John Cavanaugh, "Introduction to Eugenics," (American Life League: Stafford, VA 1995).
7 Meehan, Mary, "The Road to Abortion (Part I): How Eugenics Birthed Population Control," and "The Road to Abortion (Part II): How Government Got Hooked," Human Life Review, Fall 1998 and Winter 1999 respectively (Human Life Foundation, New York);
Liagin, Elizabeth, Excessive Force: Power, Politics and Population Control (Information Project for Africa: Washington D.C. 1996).
8 Eugenics Quarterly, December 1956, containing membership list, including Von
Verscheur, listed as a Foreign Member.
9 Lifton, Robert J., Nazi Doctors (Harper Basic Books 1986).
10 National Science Education Standards, Chapter 6 (National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 1996, 6th printing). Content standards are listed for levels K-12. Evolution is a "unifying concept" in all levels, to be taught under categories entitled "Life Sciences" and "Earth and Space Science." Population studies are taught in all grade levels under categories entitled "Science in Personal and Social Perspectives." Heredity is taught from grade level 5 through 12 under the category "Life Sciences."
11 Vol. I Encyclopedia of Associations, 34th ed. (Gale's Detroit 1999) (p. 680,
para. 6210, "Society for the Study of Social Biology - Affiliated With: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Formerly: American Eugenics Society"); AAAS Minutes of annual meeting, fall 1975 ( SSSB applied for affiliation with AAAS and was approved for affiliation at the AAAS Council meeting in January 1975. The vote was a sizeable majority with no dissenting vote. ), from
"SSSB - Secretary's Report" contained in Frederick Osborne papers at American Philosophical Society Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, research courtesy of Mary Meehan.
12 Id. at p. iii ("Major funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Education, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institute of Health...");Professor Jonathan Wells, Univ. Cal.- Berkley, after making calls to various agencies, pegs the total taxpayer amount spent on research guided by neo-Darwinian theory at over $10 billion. "Funding for Evolution," Kerby Anderson Commentaries, Oct. 14, 1999.
www.probe.org/docs/c-evolution.html
13 National Science Education Standards, (National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 1996, 6th printing).
14 Kuhl at p. 66 fn 6, listing eugenicists who were also pre-war AAAS presidents: Wm. H. Welch, David Starr Jordan, Charles W. Eliot, Fairfield Osborn and E.G. Conklin. Without conducting an exhaustive search, two post-WWII presidents of the AAAS were easily identified, H. Bentley Glass (1970) and David Hamburg (1985); Stephan Jay Gould is the 1999 president of the AAAS, according to the August 1999 issue of Science. Gould has been a member and was vice-president of the Society for the Study of Evolution, referenced below, fn. 38.
Membership lists of the American and British Eugenics Societies were researched by Eugenics Watch, which provides documentation for readers to verify each name listed, and is available on the world wide web at
http://www.toolan.com/eugenics/
15 For example, Richard C. Lewontin, AAAS vice-president and Science editorial board member (1970), Science, Jan. 2 (AAAS 1970), p. 3914; Also see Eugenics Watch website, fn. 14.
16 For example, Kingsley Davis, AAAS vice-president and chairman of Social and Economic Sciences. Science, Jan. 3 (AAAS 1964), p.3601. Also see Eugenics Watch website, fn. 14.
17 For example, Arthur J. Hill, AAAS vice-president and chairman of chemistry section, Science, Mar. 12 (AAAS 1943), p. 239; Also see Eugenics Watch website, fn. 14.
18 For example, Walter B. Cannon, AAAS Chairman on Interrelations of Scientist, Western Hemisphere. Science, Feb. 26 (AAAS 1942), p.205. Also see Eugenics Watch website, fn. 14.
19 This information was printed from the AAAS website on May 5, 1999, from
http://www.aaas.org/Exhibit/unitiv/mtings.htm.
20 Id.
21 Eugenical News (AES Mar.-Apr. 1936), Vol. XXI, no. 2, inside front cover listing advisors; for information on Grant and Campbell, see, e.g.
Kuhl, fn. 6.
22 Id., Eugenical News.
23 Lifton, Robert J., Nazi Doctors (Harper Basic Books 1986)
Wistrich, Robert S., Who's Who in Nazi Germany (Routledge: London 1982).
24 Eugenical News, fn. 21, p. 25, "The German Racial Policy," by C. G. Campbell, at p. 27 ("This [German racial] policy is...the integration of the well-considered conclusions of its anthropologists, its biologists, and its sociologists, the latter of whom, in contradistinction to many in other countries, take full cognizance of the biological basis of collective life...The allegation that
[Rudin's sterilization programs] would be made a subterfuge for racial discrimination and persecution is only one of the irresponsible and hysterical charges that have been made about this policy.")
25 Regarding population control as eugenics, see fn. 31, below; On evolution as the basis of eugenics, see e.g. Eugenical News
(AES July 1930), Vol. XV, no. 7, p. 89 "Human Evolution and Eugenics," by C.G. Campbell, at p. 90 ("The human import of Darwin's theory of biological evolution is that it offers the only promising approach to the knowledge of what is most important to humanity, namely what humanity may or may not become in the future.")
26 E.g., Eugenical News (AES July 1930), fn. 25, at p. 96 ("We can thank Rousseauean egalitarianism for the fallacy that no qualitative distinctions need to be made in humanity and that heredity is of no account; the contention of the egalitarians has been that environment particularly in the form of universal and uniform education and a variety of personal liberty only obtainable under a democratic form of government, could accomplish everything that was needful for the advancement and improvement of a race.")
27 Science, Jan. 8, p. 28, (AAAS 1971) (H. Bentley Glass, outgoing president of the AAAS and former director of the American Eugenics Society, wrote: "Unlimited access to state-regulated abortion will combine with now perfected techniques of determining chromosome abnormalities in the development of the fetus to rid us of...uncontrollable defects...different recessive hereditary defects can be detected in carriers, who may be warned against or prohibited from having offspring...If every couple were permitted to have only two children...a mild eugenic practice would be introduced that probably all mankind is prepared to accept at this time.") (emphasis added)
28 Lifton, fn.9; See Rini, Suzanne, Beyond Abortion: A Chronicle of Fetal Experimentation (Tan: Rockford, IL 1988).
29 Eugenics Quarterly, "index," vol. II, 1955, listing as vice president of the American Eugenics Society, Alan F.
Guttmacher, M.D., The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City.
30 Sanger's racism finally received wide exposure in a Wall Street Journal column by Steven W. Mosher, May 5, 1997, "The Repackaging of Margaret Sanger." Sanger is listed on the membership list of the American Eugenics Society, Eugenics Quarterly, p. 256, December 1956.
31 Science News Letter, August 26 1939, Huxley, J., Muller, H. J. et al, "Plan for Improving Population Drawn by famed Geneticists: All Could be Geniuses in a World Based on Biology; World Federation Needed; Birth Control Advocated;" and see Eugenical News
(AES June 1946), Vo. XXXI, no. 2, p. 43, re-printing from Science News Letter, titled "Improving Genetically the World Population."
32 Science, Sept. 8, p. 643 (AAAS 1961), Muller, Hermann J., "Human Evolution by Voluntary Choice of Germ
Plasm."
33 Smocovitis, Vassiliki Betty, Unifying Biology: Evolutionary Biology and the Evolutionary Synthesis (Princeton University Press 1996).
34 Huxley, Julian, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis, (George Allen & Unwin Ltd.: London 1942).
35 Huxley, Julian, Essays of a Humanist, (Harper & Row: New York 1964).
36 Id. at 126.
37 Moore, John A., Science As a Way of Knowing: The Foundations of Modern Biology (Harvard Univ. Press: Cambridge 1993).
38 The dust cover of Moore's book (the 1993 loose cover version, that is...three different covers have been discovered, including on the 1999 paperback, which bears no individual endorsers) is endorsed by seven men, at least four of whom were members with Moore in the Society for the Study of Evolution. Moore (1963) and H.J. Muller (1957) were presidents of SSE, J. Huxley was vice president (1948) of that group. See Evolution, International Journal of Organic Evolution, Published Quarterly for the Society for the Study of Evolution, December 1970, containing membership list. p. 30, List of Council Members, p. 44, and List of Officers, p. 43; 1999 AAAS president, Stephen J. Gould, is listed as vice president of the SSE, Evolution (Sept. 1975).
39 Smocovitis, fn. 33 at pp. 179-182.
40 NSES, p. 249 listing Rodger Bybee as chair, "Working Group on Science Content Standards. Two other BSCS staff members helped draft the standards, Harold Pratt, (Content Committee, p. 250) and John McInerny (an Individual Lending Support, p. 252).; See Kansas City Star, Sept. 25, 1999, quoting Bybee as spokesman for the
BSCS.
41 E.g. NSES, p. 201.
42 Moore, fn. 37, at p. viii.
43 Id., at pp. 250-251.
44 Eugenical News, fn. 25 (1930)
45 Moore, fn. 37, at p. 416; Lifton, fn. 9 at pp. 125, 441-442.
46 Lifton, fn. 9 at pp. 133-134; Wistrich, fn. 23.
47 Fn. 14, Eugenics Watch website
48 The Humanist: A Magazine of Critical Inquiry and Social Concern, Sept/Oct 1998 (The American Humanist Assoc.) (H.J. Muller is featured on the inside-front cover as 1963 Humanist of the Year)
49 Reisman, Judith A., PhD, Kinsey: Crimes and Consequences, p. 297 (The Institute for Media Education, Inc.: Arlington, VA 1998)
50 Id.
51 Id.
52 Moore, fn. 37 at p. 75.
53 Muller, fn. 32.
54 Science, fn. 27, p. 28, Jan. 8 (AAAS 1971) ("The once sacred rights of man must alter in many ways...it can no longer be affirmed that the right of the man and woman to reproduce as they see fit is inviolate. Parents must voluntarily limit their children or be compelled to do so.") (emphasis added)
55 Science, fn, 27 Jan. 8 (AAAS 1971)
56 AAAS website, fn. 19.
57 E.g. Eugenics Quarterly, December 1966, listing as a member of the board of directors, H. Bentley Glass, Academic Vice President, State University of New York, Stoney Brook, N.Y.
58 Science, fn. 27
59 Wall Street Journal, July 26, 1999, p. A 23 "Keeping Junk Science Out of
theCourtroom."
60 Mehler, Barry, "In Genes We Trust: When Science Bows to Racism," Reformed Judaism (Winter 1994); also available at
http://www.ferris.edu/isar/archives/mehler/InGenes/
61 Occasional Papers on Eugenics, Number One, "Eugenics in Retrospect and Prospect," The Galton Lecture, 1945, Delivered on February 16, 1945 at Manson House, London, by
C.P. Blacker, Secretary, Eugenics Society (The Eugenics Society and Cassell and Company, LTD: London 1950) ("The word Eugenics was fist used by Sir Francis Galton in 1883. Galton has been described as the father of latter-day eugenics and is the central figure of the retrospect I shall attempt to give you. Galton was a half first-cousin of Charles Darwin, the author of The Origin of Species, and was profoundly influenced by this book. Indeed, the word eugenics and the system of thought which it denotes would probably not have come into existence but for the influence upon Galton's mind of the evolution theory...I refer to The Descent of Man, the first edition of which appeared in February 1871. The book contains many references to Galton's writings. Indeed, Galton's name, unmentioned in the Origin of Species, is, in The Descent of Man, quoted in connection with the following subjects: hereditary genius; gregariousness and independence in animals; the struggle between the social and personal impulses; the effects of natural selection on civilized nations, the sterility of only daughters; the fertility of people; the early marriage of the poor; the ancient Greeks; the middle ages; the progress of the United States; and the notions of beauty of South African natives.") (emphasis added). Compare "system of thought" to "way of knowing."
62 In the modified version of the NSES adopted by Kansas, scarcity is taught as early as fourth grade. Children are taught to observe whether their classroom is crowded. Rather than teach a construction issue, or even a school administration issue, it is presented as an issue of scare space caused by "overpopulation." Hypotheses such as this generate wholly different solutions, depending on whether a Darwinian/Malthusian "way of knowing" is used or not.
63 Welch, David, The Third Reich: Politics and Propaganda (Routledge:London) ("Secondary schools [in the Third Reich] were required to teach heredity, racial science, family as well as population policies. Intrinsic to each of these was an ideological instruction in biology. Witness this extract, written by a biologist, on the need for a 'new biology:'...It should be repeatedly emphasized that the biological laws operative in animals and plants also apply to man; for example, the knowledge acquired from studying the genetics of these, can in a general way, be applied to man. Thus the teaching of animal breeding and plant cultivation can effectively prepare the way for racial biology.") citing P.
Brohmer, Biologieunterricht und volkerische Erziehung (Frankfurt, 1933), p. 32, quoted in G.
Mosse, Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich (London 1966), p. 88
64 Education Week, November 3, 1999.
Reprinted with permission from the author
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